of human beings.67 So in this loose sense the shadow of the Fall is cast back in evolutionary history as well as forward into the future of human culture and subsequent development of sophisticated civilizations. This shadow in other animal life is anticipatory of what happens in the Fall, and therefore the Fall should not be viewed as providing an explanatory account of “natural evil” as if there were no such evil before a human Fall, a classical view that Michael Murray has rightly rejected as
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